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Related Experiment Video

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Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
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Task-dependent modulation of propriospinal inputs to human shoulder.

Lynley V Roberts1, Cathy M Stinear, Gwyn N Lewis

  • 1Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|August 22, 2008
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Summary

This study reveals that propriospinal pathways connect the hand to the shoulder rotator cuff muscles. Task-specific modulation of these pathways suggests adaptable neural control for arm movements.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Cervical propriospinal premotoneurons may relay corticospinal commands for coordinated arm movements.
  • The functional integration of shoulder muscles into this network is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the infraspinatus (INF), a shoulder stabilizer, is part of the cervical propriospinal network.
  • To determine if this network's activity is modulated by different motor tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex evoked responses in the INF.
  • Responses were conditioned by ulnar nerve stimulation at intervals designed to summate at premotoneurons.
  • Participants performed cocontraction and grip-lift tasks involving forearm and shoulder muscles.

Main Results:

  • INF motor-evoked potentials showed significant facilitation at low ulnar nerve stimulation intensities and suppression at higher intensities during cocontraction.
  • Significant facilitation was observed during the grip-lift task, but not significant suppression.
  • These findings indicate functional connections between hand and shoulder via propriospinal pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Propriospinal pathways functionally link hand muscles to the shoulder rotator cuff (infraspinatus).
  • Task-dependent modulation of these pathways, particularly down-regulation of inhibition during grip-lift, enhances reflex loop gain for motor control.