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Whole sediment toxicity identification evaluation tools for pyrethroid insecticides: III. Temperature manipulation.

Donald P Weston1, Jing You, Amanda D Harwood

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA. dweston@berkeley.edu

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|August 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Lowering test temperatures significantly increases pyrethroid insecticide toxicity in sediment. This temperature-dependent toxicity can be used as a tool to identify pyrethroids as the main toxicant in sediment samples.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Chemical Ecology

Background:

  • Pyrethroid insecticides exhibit increased toxicity at lower temperatures.
  • Standard sediment toxicity testing uses a 23°C test temperature.
  • Understanding thermal toxicity is crucial for accurate environmental risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate temperature manipulation as a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) tool for pyrethroids in sediments.
  • To determine the impact of reduced temperatures on pyrethroid toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella azteca.
  • To compare the temperature-dependent toxicity of pyrethroids with other toxicants like DDT, cadmium, and chlorpyrifos.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-sediment toxicity tests were conducted at varying temperatures (23°C, 18°C, 13°C) using Hyalella azteca.

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  • Toxicity of pyrethroids, DDT, cadmium, and chlorpyrifos were assessed across temperature gradients.
  • Field-collected sediments containing known toxicants were tested to validate the temperature effect.

    • Main Results:

    • Pyrethroid toxicity to Hyalella azteca tripled at 13°C compared to 23°C.
    • DDT showed a similar, though less pronounced, increase in toxicity at lower temperatures.
    • Cadmium and chlorpyrifos exhibited dissimilar temperature-dependent toxicity responses.
    • Field tests confirmed the thermal dependency of pyrethroid toxicity in contaminated sediments.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced temperatures significantly enhance pyrethroid toxicity, suggesting a reduced biotransformation rate in the organism.
    • Temperature manipulation is a viable supplemental TIE tool for identifying pyrethroids as primary sediment toxicants.
    • Standard testing at 23°C underestimates the environmental risk posed by pyrethroids during cooler periods.