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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Measurement of problem behaviour during medication evaluations.

J Zarcone¹, D Napolitano, M Valdovinos

¹University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. Jennifer_Zarcone@URMC.Rochester.edu

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR

|August 23, 2008

Summary

This review examines methods for evaluating medication's behavioral effects in individuals with intellectual disabilities, focusing on biological measures, rating scales, and direct observation. It also discusses adapting clinical trial criteria and managing medication side effects.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Psychopharmacology
Behavioral Science
Intellectual Disabilities Research

Background:

Current methods for evaluating medication effects in individuals with intellectual disabilities are reviewed.
Ideal clinical trial criteria and adaptations for less controlled evaluations are discussed.
The impact of medication side effects on behavior is a key consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of methods used to assess medication's behavioral impact in intellectual disabilities.
To explore the adaptation of clinical trial standards for real-world evaluations.
To highlight the importance of considering side effects in behavioral assessments.

Main Methods:

Review of biological measures (e.g., laboratory tests, drug levels).
Analysis of behavioral rating scales commonly used in clinical practice.
Evaluation of direct observation techniques for behavioral assessment.
Discussion of challenges and best practices in medication effect evaluation.

Main Results:

Biological measures, rating scales, and direct observation are central to evaluating medication effects.
Adaptations to clinical trial criteria are necessary for less controlled settings.
Understanding and monitoring medication side effects is crucial for accurate behavioral assessment.

Conclusions:

Effective evaluation requires collaboration across care systems.
The use of socially valid measures is essential for meaningful outcomes.
Integrated approaches enhance the assessment of medication efficacy and safety.