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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Published on: September 20, 2024

Are autistic traits autistic?

Elise B Barbeau¹, Adrianna Mendrek, Laurent Mottron

¹Clinique spécialisée de l'autisme, Rivière-des-Prairies Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)

|August 23, 2008

Summary

The extreme male brain theory suggests autism traits are exaggerated male behaviors linked to fetal testosterone (fT). However, this study questions the direct causal link between fT and autism, citing controversial evidence and unclear parallels.

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Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Endocrinology
Behavioral genetics

Background:

The extreme male brain theory posits autistic traits as extreme male behaviors.
Prior research linked higher fetal testosterone (fT) to autistic traits in typically developing children.
This study critically examines the construct underlying the fT-autism relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the construct behind the proposed link between fetal testosterone and autistic traits.
To critically evaluate the evidence supporting the extreme male brain theory of autism.
To explore inconsistencies in the fetal testosterone hypothesis of autism.

Main Methods:

Literature review and critical analysis of existing studies.
Examination of the controversial link between fT and sexually dimorphic traits (empathizing, systemizing).
Comparison of neurodevelopmental patterns in autism with typical male patterns.

Main Results:

The link between fT and sexually dimorphic traits is debated.
Characterizing autistic behaviors as extreme male traits is questionable.
Cerebral hemisphere laterality in autism may differ from males.
The parallel between autism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) regarding fT is unclear.

Conclusions:

The fetal testosterone theory of autism has significant limitations and fails to explain a substantial part of autism.
The observed correlation between fT and 'autistic traits' does not establish a causal link to autism itself.
Further research is needed to clarify the complex relationship between hormones and neurodevelopmental conditions.