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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Dynamic aspects of trochlear nerve palsy.

D Straumann¹, C J Bockisch, K P Weber

¹Department of Neurology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. dominik@neurol.unizh.ch

Progress in Brain Research

|August 23, 2008

Summary

Trochlear nerve palsy causes abnormal eye movements in both affected and unaffected eyes. Hering's law may explain these conjugate deviations, impacting gaze and eye alignment.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuroscience
Biomechanics

Background:

Trochlear nerve palsy, affecting the superior oblique muscle, disrupts normal ocular kinematics.
Existing research primarily focuses on the paretic eye's aberrations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate kinematic aberrations in both the paretic and unaffected eyes during dynamic head movements and saccades in trochlear nerve palsy.
To explore the role of Hering's law in explaining conjugate deviations in the unaffected eye.

Main Methods:

Analysis of eye movement kinematics during dynamic head roll and downward saccades.
Comparison of ocular rotation axes and trajectories between the paretic and unaffected eyes.
Application of Hering's law to interpret observed eye movement patterns.

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Main Results:

Both paretic and unaffected eyes exhibit inward deviation of rotation axes during head roll, increasing with gaze towards the unaffected side.
Downward saccades show curved trajectories towards the unaffected side, exacerbated by head roll and gaze direction.
The unaffected eye demonstrates kinematic aberrations similar to the paretic eye.

Conclusions:

Aberrations in the paretic eye are attributed to reduced superior oblique muscle force.
Aberrations in the unaffected eye may result from compensatory increased innervation, consistent with Hering's law.
Hering's law appears to govern conjugate eye movements even in cases of unilateral muscle palsy.