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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Published on: July 18, 2014

Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe decision-making and memory.

René M Müri¹, Thomas Nyffeler

¹Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. rene.mueri@insel.ch

Progress in Brain Research

|August 23, 2008

Summary

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) reveals distinct roles for the frontal eye fields (FEF) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in controlling eye movements. DLPFC is crucial before target onset, while FEF aids in triggering correct responses.

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Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Published on: February 23, 2020

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Neuroscience
Ophthalmology

Background:

Decision-making and memory are vital for human behavior, with specific frontal brain regions involved in eye movement control.
Key areas include frontal eye fields (FEF), supplementary eye fields (SEF), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral frontal cortex, and anterior cingulum.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distinct temporal roles of the FEF and DLPFC in antisaccade control using online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
To explore the involvement of DLPFC in spatial working memory during memory-guided saccades.

Main Methods:

Online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied during saccade planning and execution to interfere with specific brain regions.
Analysis of antisaccade errors and reaction times following TMS.
Bilateral DLPFC stimulation to assess parallel information processing in spatial working memory.

Main Results:

TMS of the DLPFC before target onset significantly increased antisaccade errors, indicating its critical role during this phase.
TMS of the FEF appeared to affect the triggering of correct antisaccades.
Bilateral DLPFC stimulation demonstrated parallel information processing in spatial working memory during memory-guided saccades.

Conclusions:

The DLPFC and FEF play distinct, time-dependent roles in the control of antisaccades.
DLPFC is crucial for processing information prior to target presentation in antisaccade tasks.
FEF is involved in the execution or triggering of accurate antisaccades.