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Modeling balance control during sustained waking allows posturographic sleepiness testing.

Pia Forsman1, Aino Tietäväinen, Anders Wallin

  • 1Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland. pia.forsman@ttl.fi

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Summary

Quantify sleepiness using balance testing. Increased time awake slows balance control, accounting for most diurnal balance changes, aiding accident prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Human physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Accident prevention

Background:

  • Sleepiness is a significant risk factor for accidents.
  • Current methods for monitoring sleepiness are inconvenient.
  • Postural sway increases with sleepiness, suggesting balance testing as a potential solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for quantifying sleepiness using posturographic balance testing.
  • To investigate how increasing time awake (TA) affects balance control mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects underwent posturographic balance testing.
  • Balance control was quantified by modeling the body as an inverted pendulum and calculating the critical time interval for open-loop control (Deltat(c)).
  • The relationship between Deltat(c) and time awake was analyzed to estimate TA.

Main Results:

  • Balance control was found to be more susceptible to time awake than neuromuscular processes.
  • Sustained waking led to a 3.4% slowdown in the control process per hour of increased TA.
  • This slowdown explained 65% of the variance in diurnal balance.
  • Time awake was estimated with 68% positive predictive value.

Conclusions:

  • Balance control modeling, specifically the Deltat(c) score, is a sensitive indicator of increasing time awake.
  • This method shows promise for developing practical devices for clinical or industrial balance testing to monitor sleepiness and prevent accidents.