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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
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Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Cachexia: a new definition.

William J Evans1, John E Morley, Josep Argilés

  • 1Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Slot 806, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. evanswilliamj@uams.edu

Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|August 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new consensus definition for cachexia, a complex metabolic syndrome, has been established. This definition aids in identifying cachectic patients and developing new therapeutic agents for this condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Metabolism
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Cachexia lacks a universally accepted operational definition.
  • This hinders patient identification, treatment, and therapeutic agent development.
  • A consensus conference convened to address this critical gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a consensus operational definition for cachexia.
  • To facilitate improved clinical identification and management of cachectic patients.
  • To advance research and development of cachexia therapies.

Main Methods:

  • A consensus conference involving scientists and clinicians.
  • Discussion and agreement on the key characteristics of cachexia.
  • Formulation of a precise definition based on expert consensus.

Main Results:

  • A consensus definition for cachexia was established: a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness, characterized by muscle loss with or without fat mass loss.
  • Key features include weight loss in adults or growth failure in children, often accompanied by anorexia, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
  • Cachexia is differentiated from other conditions like starvation and hyperthyroidism, and is linked to increased morbidity.

Conclusions:

  • The newly established consensus definition provides a foundation for future research.
  • This definition is expected to improve the identification and treatment of cachexia.
  • Further validation through epidemiological and intervention studies is warranted.