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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular artery,...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model
08:16

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model

Published on: March 16, 2022

Aging affects vascular structure and function in a limb-specific manner.

Steven K Nishiyama1, D Walter Wray, Russell S Richardson

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|August 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging significantly impacts blood vessel health, particularly in the legs. Older adults show increased intima-media thickness and reduced flow-mediated dilation in the popliteal artery, suggesting a higher risk for vascular issues in the legs.

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A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
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Murine Spinotrapezius Model to Assess the Impact of Arteriolar Ligation on Microvascular Function and Remodeling
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A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
09:33

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

Published on: February 7, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Vascular aging
  • Vascular physiology
  • Arterial structure and function

Background:

  • The limb-specific effects of aging on blood vessel structure and function are not fully understood.
  • Aging is associated with increased risk of vascular pathologies, especially in the lower extremities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the limb-specific effects of aging on vascular structure and function.
  • To compare intima-media thickness (IMT), ischemic reperfusion, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the arms and legs of young and old healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrasound Doppler was used to assess IMT, ischemic reperfusion, and FMD in the brachial artery (arm) and popliteal artery (leg).
  • Measurements were taken in 12 young (26±2 yr) and 12 old (72±1 yr) healthy subjects following 5 minutes of suprasystolic cuff occlusion.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited greater IMT in both brachial and popliteal arteries compared to younger adults.
  • Age-related differences were observed in ischemic reperfusion, mirroring IMT findings.
  • Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was attenuated in both brachial and popliteal arteries of older adults, with a more pronounced reduction in the popliteal artery when normalized for shear rate.

Conclusions:

  • Aging differentially affects vascular structure and function in the arms and legs.
  • Healthy older adults demonstrate greater intima-media thickness and attenuated FMD specifically in the legs.
  • These findings support the increased propensity for vascular pathology in the legs with age.