Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkanes: Wolff–Kishner Reduction01:09

Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkanes: Wolff–Kishner Reduction

Wolff–Kishner reduction involves converting aldehydes and ketones to alkanes using hydrazine and a base. The reaction converts a carbonyl group to a methylene group. The method was independently discovered by N. Kishner in 1911 and L. Wolff in 1912. The reduction is carried out in high-boiling solvents such as ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol because heat is required to deprotonate the N–H proton in one of the reaction steps.
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II01:19

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II

In the application of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, two specific scenarios can arise that complicate stability analysis.
The first scenario occurs when a singular zero appears in the first column of the Routh table. This situation creates a division by zero issues. To resolve this, a small positive or negative number, denoted as epsilon (∈), is substituted for the zero. The stability analysis proceeds by assuming a sign for ∈. If ∈ is positive, any sign change in the first column of the Routh...
Block Diagram Reduction01:22

Block Diagram Reduction

The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I01:15

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I

Consider an electrical power grid, where stability is essential to prevent blackouts. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is a valuable tool for assessing system stability under varying load conditions or faults. By analyzing the closed-loop transfer function, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion helps determine whether the system remains stable.
To apply the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, a Routh table is constructed. The table's rows are labeled with powers of the complex frequency variable s, starting from the...
Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Engineering a Cytochrome P450 <i>O</i>-Demethylase for the Bioconversion of Hardwood Lignin.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same author

Semaglutide and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: An OHDSI Network Study.

Ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Formaldehyde metabolism in the biocatalytic upgrading of lignin.

Current opinion in biotechnology·2026
Same author

Characterization of acetovanillone degradation in wild-type and engineered <i>Rhodococcus aromaticivorans</i> RHA1.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2026
Same author

Correction: The biosynthesis of N-acyalated tryptazolone in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related bacteria.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same author

The biosynthesis of N-acylated tryptazolone in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related bacteria.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Determining Rieske cluster reduction potentials.

Eric N Brown1, Rosmarie Friemann, Andreas Karlsson

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : JBIC : a Publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
|August 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The electrostatic environment, not protein structure, dictates Rieske iron-sulfur proteins' reduction potentials. A new model predicts these potentials from crystal structures, aiding mutation analysis.

More Related Videos

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis
13:28

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis

Published on: September 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis
13:28

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis

Published on: September 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Rieske iron-sulfur proteins exhibit a wide range of reduction potentials (-150 to +400 mV).
  • Previously, structural or solvent exposure differences were thought to cause this variation.
  • Recent studies suggest electrostatic environments are the primary drivers of potential differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a predictive model for Rieske protein reduction potentials based solely on their crystal structure.
  • To investigate the role of electrostatic environments in determining reduction potentials.
  • To provide a tool for evaluating the impact of protein mutations on reduction potential.

Main Methods:

  • Computational simulations were employed using the crystal structure of Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4 naphthalene dioxygenase Rieske ferredoxin (NDO-F9816-4).
  • Experimental determination of the NDO-F9816-4 reduction potential using a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode.
  • Validation of the predictive model by comparing calculated potentials with experimentally determined values.

Main Results:

  • A model was successfully developed to predict Rieske protein reduction potentials from 3D structures.
  • The experimentally determined reduction potential for NDO-F9816-4 was -150 ± 2 mV.
  • Predicted potentials showed good correlation with experimental data, validating the model's accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The electrostatic environment is the key determinant of Rieske protein reduction potentials.
  • The developed model offers a reliable method for estimating reduction potentials from protein structures.
  • This approach facilitates the study of protein function and the effects of mutations.