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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level

Published on: January 19, 2024

Haemoglobin adjustments to define anaemia.

Kevin M Sullivan¹, Zuguo Mei, Laurence Grummer-Strawn

¹Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta GA 30322, USA. cdckms@sph.emory.edu

Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH

|August 30, 2008

Summary

This study offers a clear definition of anaemia using haemoglobin levels. It details adjustments for factors like pregnancy and altitude to ensure accurate anaemia diagnosis.

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A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

Accurate anaemia diagnosis is crucial for patient care.
Existing definitions of anaemia lack standardization, leading to potential misdiagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish an unambiguous definition of anaemia using haemoglobin.
To provide researchers with standardized criteria for anaemia assessment.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive review of expert group recommendations.
Systematic literature review on anaemia definition and haemoglobin adjustments.

Main Results:

An unambiguous approach to haemoglobin adjustments for anaemia definition is presented.
Key factors influencing haemoglobin levels, including pregnancy, altitude, smoking, and ethnicity, are identified.
Specific haemoglobin adjustments for anaemia diagnosis are detailed.

Conclusions:

Recommendations for defining extreme haemoglobin values are provided.
Guidelines for reporting anaemia and haemoglobin results are established.
Software tools for anaemia determination are described.