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Aquaporins

Aquaporins

Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct

Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct

The early phase of the DCT manages the reabsorption of approximately 10-15% of filtered water, 5–10% of filtered sodium, and 5–10% of filtered chloride. This process is facilitated by Na+–Cl− symporters in apical membranes and sodium-potassium pumps, as well as Cl− leakage channels in basolateral membranes. The early DCT also stands out as a site where parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium reabsorption, depending on the body's requirements.
The distal part of the DCT, along with the...

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Prostate Organoid-Based Model for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions

Generation of a Mouse Prostate Organoid-Based Model for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: February 27, 2026

Androgens upregulate aquaporin 9 expression in the prostate.

Jianbo Wang¹, Nozomu Tanji, Toyokazu Sasaki

¹Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.

International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association

|August 30, 2008

Summary

Androgen hormones control aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression in the prostate. This study found that androgens regulate AQP9 levels in rat prostate tissue and human prostatic cells, impacting water and solute transport.

More Related Videos

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

Published on: May 11, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Prostate Organoid-Based Model for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions

Generation of a Mouse Prostate Organoid-Based Model for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: February 27, 2026

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

Published on: May 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Cell biology
Molecular biology
Urology

Background:

Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins facilitating water and small solute transport.
Previous research confirmed aquaporin expression in rat and human prostates.
The specific role of androgens in regulating AQP expression within the prostate remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the androgen-dependent regulation of aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression.
To examine AQP9 expression in prostate tissue in vivo and in vitro.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying androgen control of AQP9.

Main Methods:

Utilized rat ventral prostate tissue and a human prostatic epithelial cell line (PNT2).
Assessed AQP9 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels via real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry.
Manipulated androgen levels through castration, testosterone propionate, bicalutamide treatment, and androgen receptor (AR) RNA interference (RNAi).

Main Results:

AQP9 mRNA and protein were detected in the rat prostate.
Androgen deprivation (castration or bicalutamide) significantly reduced AQP9 expression.
Testosterone replacement reversed the decrease, and AR RNAi in PNT2 cells also lowered AQP9 levels.

Conclusions:

Prostate AQP9 expression is demonstrably controlled by androgens.
Androgen receptor signaling is a key pathway in regulating AQP9 in the prostate.
Findings suggest a role for AQP9 in prostate function modulated by hormonal status.