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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction
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Temporal-spatial protein expression in bladder tissue derived from embryonic stem cells.

John C Thomas1, Siam Oottamasathien, John H Makari

  • 1Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Urology, Monroe Carell Jr. Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. john.thomas@vanderbilt.edu

The Journal of Urology
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified key developmental proteins in early bladder development, potentially serving as markers for bladder progenitor cells. This discovery aids in understanding and treating bladder diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Urology
  • Stem cell research

Background:

  • Bladder progenitor cells are crucial for bladder development and disease research.
  • Forkhead box (Foxa1 and Foxa2) proteins are endodermal proteins with differential and temporal expression patterns.
  • A novel embryonic stem cell model was previously established to study bladder development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the temporal and spatial expression patterns of key proteins during embryonic bladder development.
  • To identify potential protein markers for bladder progenitor cells.
  • To lay the groundwork for studying bladder diseases and developing new treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Rat embryonic bladders (day 18) were dissected to separate epithelium and mesenchyme.
  • Heterospecific recombinant xenografts were created using embryonic stem cells and embryonic bladder mesenchyme, then implanted in mouse hosts.
  • Grafts were harvested at various time points (16-42 days) and analyzed using histological staining and immunohistochemistry for specific proteins (uroplakin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, p63, Foxa1, Foxa2, androgen receptor).

Main Results:

  • Uroplakin expression correlated with Foxa2 loss by day 16; Foxa1 was present throughout.
  • Androgen receptor appeared in stroma at day 16, localized to urothelial nuclei by day 21, and was absent by day 42.
  • Alpha-smooth muscle actin showed early peripheral localization, and p63 confirmed basilar urothelial orientation.

Conclusions:

  • The study characterized the temporal and spatial expression of genes critical for early bladder development.
  • Identified proteins show promise as markers for bladder progenitor cells, particularly those differentiating into urothelial cells.
  • These findings could enable the isolation of multipotent progenitor cells for bladder disease research and therapy.