Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

AFG2A-related encephalopathy, expanding the neurodevelopmental and epileptic spectrum.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases·2026
Same author

Nutritional and metabolic signatures in pediatric phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninemia: Insights from untargeted urinary metabolomics.

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry·2026
Same author

The emerging role of citrate as a diagnostic biomarker in SLC13A5-developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape·2026
Same author

Modelling the Transference of Paediatric Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism to Adult Hospitals: Clinical Experience.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

The seen and unseen facets of Dravet syndrome across the disease trajectory: Insights from European ethnographic research.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2025
Same author

[Skin manifestations in metabolic diseases].

Medicina·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

Craniectomy in herpetic encephalitis.

Gabriel A González Rabelino1, Carmen Fons, Andrea Rey

  • 1Department of Child Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay. viciogon@gmail.com

Pediatric Neurology
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Decompressive craniectomy can be a life-saving procedure for herpes simplex encephalitis patients experiencing severe intracranial hypertension. This surgical intervention led to good outcomes in two adolescent cases, offering hope for refractory cases.

More Related Videos

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
09:16

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: June 21, 2019

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study
11:29

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Published on: August 15, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
09:16

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: June 21, 2019

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study
11:29

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Published on: August 15, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) morbidity and mortality have decreased due to antivirals but remain stable recently.
  • Focal hemorrhagic necrosis and edema in the temporal lobe can cause space-occupying lesions and elevated intracranial pressure in HSE.

Observation:

  • Two adolescents with HSE developed severe intracranial hypertension refractory to medical treatment.
  • Decompressive craniectomy was performed in both patients due to medically refractory intracranial hypertension.

Findings:

  • Decompressive craniectomy was undertaken in two adolescents with severe herpes simplex encephalitis and refractory intracranial hypertension.
  • Both adolescent patients experienced good clinical outcomes following the decompressive surgery.

Implications:

  • Decompressive craniectomy may be a viable treatment option for severe, medically refractory intracranial hypertension in herpes simplex encephalitis.
  • This surgical approach could potentially prevent serious neurological deficits in critical HSE cases.
  • Further research into the role of decompressive surgery in managing severe HSE is warranted.