Evaluation of long-term results in breast reconstruction using the latissimus dorsi flap

To evaluate the early and long-term results of the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction, a series of 92 women who underwent surgery at my department from 1979 to 1989 was critically reviewed. Special attention was directed to the late foreign body reactions leading to deformation, asymmetry, and induration of the reconstructed breast. Guidelines regarding prevention of capsular contraction are discussed and some essential surgical refinements outlined.