Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Risk factors for congenital cryptorchidism in a prospective birth cohort study

Ida N Damgaard1, Tina K Jensen,

  • 1University Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR-5064 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. ind@rh.dk

Plos One
|August 30, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Two novel risk factors for congenital cryptorchidism were identified: intrauterine insemination and nicotine substitute use during pregnancy. These findings highlight the impact of maternal lifestyle on infant health.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Congenital cryptorchidism is a common condition in newborns.
  • Understanding its risk factors is crucial for prevention and early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel risk factors for congenital cryptorchidism.
  • To examine the association between maternal lifestyle and exposure during pregnancy and cryptorchidism.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective birth cohort study in Denmark and Finland (1997-2001).
  • Involved examination of 2,496 boys for cryptorchidism.
  • Risk factor data collected via questionnaires, interviews, and birth records.

Main Results:

  • Intrauterine insemination and nicotine substitute use during pregnancy were associated with increased cryptorchidism risk.
  • No association found between IVF/ICSI and cryptorchidism.
  • Confirmed known associations with low birth weight, prematurity, SGA, vaginal bleeding, and breech presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Intrauterine insemination and maternal nicotine substitute use are identified as novel risk factors for congenital cryptorchidism.
  • Suggests cryptorchidism is influenced by maternal lifestyle and exposure, not solely genetic factors.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Clinical Application of 24 G Cannula Needle and 3-0 Polypropylene Suture in Vas Deferens Exploration07:21

Clinical Application of 24 G Cannula Needle and 3-0 Polypropylene Suture in Vas Deferens Exploration

Published on: February 10, 2023

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst03:10

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

Published on: March 31, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the male...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...