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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology

Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Comorbidity, socioeconomic status and multiple sclerosis.

Ra Marrie1, R Horwitz, G Cutter

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. rmarrie@hsc.mb.ca

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Comorbidity is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and arthritis being most frequent. Risk factors include older age, male sex, African American race, and lower socioeconomic status.

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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease with significant morbidity.
  • The influence of comorbid conditions on MS progression and outcomes remains largely unknown.
  • Comorbidities are prevalent in the general population and linked to adverse health events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence, types, and demographic predictors of comorbidities in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
  • To establish a baseline understanding of the comorbidity burden in the MS population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry.
  • Surveyed 16,141 eligible participants about physical comorbidities, with 8,983 (55.7%) responding.

Main Results:

  • 36.7% of respondents reported at least one physical comorbidity.
  • Most common comorbidities included hypercholesterolemia (37%), hypertension (30%), and arthritis (16%).
  • Increased comorbidity risk was associated with older age, male sex, African American race, and lower socioeconomic status.

Conclusions:

  • Comorbidity is a common issue among individuals with multiple sclerosis.
  • Socioeconomic status is a significant factor associated with comorbidity in MS patients.