The substrate-specificity of human lysosomal alpha-D-mannosidase in relation to genetic alpha-mannosidosis

The specificity of human liver lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) towards a series of oligosaccharide substrates derived from high-mannose, complex and hybrid asparagine-linked glycans and from the storage products in alpha-mannosidosis was investigated. The enzyme hydrolyses all alpha(1-2)-, alpha(1-3)- and alpha(1-6)-mannosidic linkages in these glycans without a requirement for added Zn2+, albeit at different rates. A major finding of this study is that all the substrates are hydrolysed by non-random pathways. These pathways were established by determining the structures of intermediates in the digestion mixtures by a combination of h.p.t.l.c. and h.p.l.c. before and after acetolysis. The catabolic pathway for a particular substrate appears to be determined by its structure, raising the possibility that degradation occurs by an uninterrupted sequence of steps within one active site. The structures of the digestion intermediates are compared with the published structures of the storage products in mannosidosis and of intact asparagine-linked glycans. Most but not all of the digestion intermediates derived from high-mannose glycans have structures found in intact asparagine-linked glycans of human glycoproteins or among the storage products in the urine of patients with mannosidosis. However, the relative abundances of these structures suggests that the catabolic pathway is not the same as the processing pathway. In contrast, the intermediates formed from the digestion of oligosaccharides derived from hybrid and complex N-glycans are completely different from any processing intermediates and also from the oligosaccharides of composition Man2-4GlcNAc that account for 80-90% of the storage products in alpha-mannosidosis. It is postulated that the structures of these major storage products arise from the action of an exo/endo-alpha(1-6)-mannosidase on the partially catabolized oligomannosides that accumulate in the absence of the main lysosomal alpha-mannosidase.