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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Testes: Gross Anatomy01:19

Testes: Gross Anatomy

The testes, also known as testicles, are the male gonads. They are housed within the scrotum, a sac-like structure located beneath the penis. The scrotum's primary role is to regulate the temperature of the testes, which is crucial for sperm production.
Each testis is surrounded by the tunica albuginea, a dense connective tissue layer that provides structural support and protection. This layer is covered by an outer serous membrane called the tunica vaginalis, which helps reduce friction...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Testes: Histology01:27

Testes: Histology

A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

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Growth hormone treatment improves vitality and behavioural issues in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.

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Cryptorchidism: a clinical perspective.

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Growth of spontaneously descended and surgically treated testes during early childhood.

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Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst
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Published on: March 31, 2023

Undescended testes: a consensus on management.

E Martin Ritzén1

  • 1Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. martin.ritzen@ki.se

European Journal of Endocrinology
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgery is the preferred treatment for undescended testes, offering higher success rates than hormonal therapies like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Early surgical intervention, between 6-12 months, improves testicular growth and outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Andrology

Background:

  • Treatment for undescended testes remains controversial, with traditional practices often conflicting with evidence from randomized controlled studies.
  • A consensus meeting of Nordic specialists aimed to establish the current state-of-the-art for treating cryptorchidism.

Framework:

  • Literature reviews were conducted prior to the consensus meeting.
  • Meta-analyses indicate low efficacy for hormonal treatments, with potential negative impacts on future spermatogenesis due to increased germ cell apoptosis.

Implementation:

  • Orchiopexy (surgical correction) demonstrates approximately 95% anatomical success with a low complication rate (around 1%).
  • Evidence suggests optimal surgical timing for orchiopexy is between 6 and 12 months of age for better post-operative testicular growth.
  • Surgery is recommended for all undescended testes diagnosed after 6 months of age.

Implications:

  • The unanimous conclusion favors surgical intervention over hormonal treatments (hCG, GnRH) for undescended testes.
  • Referral to pediatric surgeons/urologists is recommended for infants under 1 year, bilateral or non-palpable testes, or recurrent cryptorchidism.