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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...

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Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities
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Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities

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Clinical ultraviolet dosimetry with a CCD monochromator array spectroradiometer.

Andrew Coleman1, Robert Sarkany, Susan Walker

  • 1Medical Physics Department, The Rayne Institute, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK. andrew.coleman@gstt.sthames.nhs.uk

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Single monochromator spectroradiometers can overestimate irradiance without stray-light correction. Applying a software correction improves accuracy for phototherapy and photobiology applications, making CCD array devices suitable for research.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Physics
  • Photomedicine
  • Instrumentation Science

Background:

  • Single monochromator spectroradiometers offer speed and ease of use but suffer from poor stray-light rejection.
  • This limitation critically impacts accuracy in phototherapy and photobiology dosimetry.
  • The HR4000 (Ocean Optics Inc.) array device is a common instrument in this class.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of the HR4000 spectroradiometer for phototherapy and photobiology applications.
  • To assess the effectiveness of a software-based stray-light correction method.
  • To compare measurements with a double grating spectroradiometer for validation.

Main Methods:

  • Applied a software stray-light correction using the measured slit function of the HR4000.
  • Acquired spectra from common phototherapy and photobiology sources (PUVA, UV21, TL01, solar simulator).
  • Compared corrected HR4000 measurements with those from a DM150 double grating spectroradiometer.

Main Results:

  • Uncorrected HR4000 data overestimated erythema-weighted irradiance by over 100% for certain sources.
  • After correction, HR4000 measurements were within 10% of the double grating spectroradiometer.
  • Identified challenges including measurement uncertainties and wavelength scale differences.

Conclusions:

  • The HR4000 spectroradiometer can achieve adequate accuracy for phototherapy and photobiology applications.
  • Accurate measurements necessitate careful application of stray-light correction.
  • Improving the instrument's dynamic range via techniques like exposure bracketing is crucial.