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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
11:40

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins

Published on: April 17, 2020

Why does the world need another rotavirus vaccine?

Richard L Ward1, Monica M McNeal, A Duncan Steele

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Developing new rotavirus vaccines is a priority to ensure safe, effective, and affordable options for children globally. This focus aims to reduce the significant number of deaths caused by rotavirus, particularly in developing nations.

Keywords:
candidate vaccinesrotavirus immunityrotavirus vaccines

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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
11:40

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins

Published on: April 17, 2020

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Rotavirus vaccines have been developed by major pharmaceutical companies, with licensed oral vaccines composed of live rotaviruses.
  • Previous vaccine candidates faced challenges, including discontinuation or withdrawal due to safety concerns like intussusception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss and evaluate the importance of additional rotavirus vaccine candidates.
  • To review the history and current status of rotavirus vaccines.
  • To provide a perspective on future vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • A meeting was convened at the World Health Organization in Geneva.
  • Discussions focused on evaluating existing and emerging rotavirus vaccine candidates.
  • The review synthesizes information on rotavirus vaccine history, status, and future development.

Main Results:

  • There was general agreement that further development of alternative rotavirus vaccine candidates is a high priority.
  • The meeting highlighted the need for safe, effective, and economic vaccines for children.
  • The majority of rotavirus deaths (>600,000 annually) occur in Third World nations.

Conclusions:

  • Continued development of rotavirus vaccines is crucial for global child health.
  • Prioritizing alternative vaccine candidates ensures broader access to life-saving immunizations.
  • Future efforts should focus on developing the safest, most effective, and economical rotavirus vaccines.