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Related Concept Videos

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin homology) domains...
Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A Novel Stretching Platform for Applications in Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology
16:46

A Novel Stretching Platform for Applications in Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology

Published on: June 3, 2014

Relating cell and tissue mechanics: implications and applications.

Karoly Jakab1, Brook Damon, Françoise Marga

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue liquidity, a measure of cell adhesion differences, drives tissue development. This study quantifies cell movements and shape changes, linking tissue liquid properties to molecular factors for tissue engineering applications.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

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Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Living Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy
08:41

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Published on: June 27, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The Differential Adhesion Hypothesis (DAH) explains morphogenesis via cell adhesion differences.
  • Tissue liquidity and surface tension are key manifestations of DAH, predicting developmental patterns.
  • Existing models lack insight into cellular mechanisms driving these patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide qualitative and quantitative evidence for tissue liquidity in developmental and in vitro contexts.
  • To elucidate the role of individual cell movement and shape changes in tissue rearrangements.
  • To connect measurable tissue liquidity properties to underlying molecular components.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of individual cell behavior during tissue rearrangements.
  • Quantitative analysis of cell movement and shape dynamics.
  • In vitro assays to model developmental processes.
  • Correlation of macroscopic tissue properties with molecular factors.

Main Results:

  • Strong qualitative and quantitative support for tissue liquidity was demonstrated.
  • Specific cell movements and shape changes leading to liquid-like configurations were identified.
  • Measurable tissue-liquid properties were successfully related to molecular entities.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue liquidity is a crucial factor in understanding and predicting morphogenetic processes.
  • The study provides a mechanistic link between cell behavior and tissue-level properties.
  • Findings support the application of tissue liquidity principles in novel tissue engineering technologies.