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Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Individual differences in negative affect repair.

Scott H Hemenover1, Adam A Augustine, Tirza Shulman

  • 1Western Illinois University, Department of Psychology, Macomb, IL 61455-1390, USA. SH-Hemenover@wiu.edu

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individual differences in negative affect regulation are linked to affect repair ability. Higher expectancies and better emotional understanding enhance mood repair, improving emotional well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Affective Science
  • Emotion Regulation

Background:

  • Individual differences in negative affect are partly explained by affect repair ability.
  • Three regulatory traits—negative mood regulation expectancies, monitoring, and labeling—are hypothesized to predict affect repair ability.
  • No prior experimental research has investigated the link between these traits and repair ability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally examine whether negative mood regulation expectancies, monitoring, and labeling predict affect repair ability.
  • To investigate individual differences in the capacity to repair negative affect.
  • To explore the impact of these traits on changes in negative and positive affect.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted with participant samples of 305 and 146 individuals.
  • Participants viewed negative affect-inducing videos.
  • Participants completed either a mood repair or a control writing task and reported affect before and after the task.

Main Results:

  • Significant individual differences in affect repair ability were observed.
  • Participants with high expectancies of repair success showed greater decreases in negative affect and increases in positive affect.
  • Individuals who monitored and labeled their emotions effectively also demonstrated enhanced mood repair.

Conclusions:

  • Negative mood regulation expectancies, monitoring, and labeling are significant predictors of affect repair ability.
  • These findings contribute to understanding individual differences in emotion regulation strategies.
  • The results have implications for future research on mood repair and emotional well-being.