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Chest physiotherapy in neonates: a review
Insights
Chest physiotherapy (CPT) in neonates did not improve early oxygenation or secretion removal for respiratory distress syndrome. However, it did prevent post-extubation atelectasis and increased oxygen consumption.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pediatric Respiratory Care
- Physiotherapy Research
Background:
- Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a common intervention for neonates facing pulmonary issues.
- Evidence regarding CPT's efficacy and physiological effects in neonates is crucial for clinical practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing research on the effectiveness of CPT in neonates.
- To analyze the physiological alterations associated with CPT in this population.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of studies examining CPT in neonates.
- Analysis of research focusing on oxygenation, secretion removal, and physiological changes.
Main Results:
- CPT did not significantly enhance oxygenation or secretion clearance within the first 24 hours for premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
- CPT was observed to increase oxygen consumption in neonates.
- CPT demonstrated a benefit in preventing atelectasis following extubation.
Conclusions:
- The effectiveness of CPT in neonates requires careful consideration, particularly in the early hours of life for respiratory distress syndrome.
- CPT may increase metabolic demand (oxygen consumption) and carries a risk of atelectasis post-extubation.
- Further research is needed to optimize CPT protocols and understand its full impact on neonatal respiratory health.
Abstract:
Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is performed on neonates with actual or potential pulmonary problems. The focus of this review is on research related to the effectiveness of or the physiologic alterations related to CPT. Findings from this review indicate that CPT in neonates: 1) did not significantly improve oxygenation or secretion removal in the first 24 hours of life in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome, 2) increased oxygen consumption, and 3) prevented post-extubation atelectasis. Nursing considerations when performing this procedure, contra-indications, and documented side effects are included in this review.