Modifications of drug metabolism by disulfiram and diethyldithiocarbamate. I. Mixed-function oxygenase

Disulfiram and diethyldithiocarbamate were administered to rats for 4 days alone (300 mg/kg, daily, per os) or in combination with phenobarbital (80 mg/kg, daily, i.p.), in order to observe the effects of these compounds on the microsomal membrane components and on the mixed-function oxygenase system. Both disulfiram and diethyldithiocarbamate increased the liver to body weight ratio, and the total hepatic protein content. Disulfiram significantly increased also the microsomal protein and phospholipid contents. Diethyldithiocarbamate and disulfiram partially prevented the increase of microsomal protein and phospholipid contents caused by phenobarbital. Disulfiram and diethyldithiocarbamate decreased the amount of cytochrome P-450 and P-420, and the activity of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase. These changes were more pronounced after diethyldithiocarbamate than after disulfiram treatment. On the contrary, the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was enhanced only by disulfiram. The induction by phenobarbital of cytochrome P-450 and p-nitrosanisole O-demethylase was partially prevented on concomitant treatment with disulfiram and diethyldithiocarbamate. These compounds. however, had an additive effect with phenobarbital in enhancing the microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity.