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Athletes' pseudoanaemia.

L M Weight1, B L Darge, P Jacobs

  • 1University of Cape Town Leukaemia Centre, Observatory, South Africa.

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
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Endurance athletes exhibit expanded plasma volume, leading to pseudoanaemia. This dilutional effect, particularly in female athletes potentially due to iron-limited erythropoiesis, explains lower hemoglobin levels.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Endurance athletes often present with lower hemoglobin levels, termed pseudoanaemia.
  • Understanding the physiological adaptations in blood volume is crucial for interpreting hematological findings in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the plasma volume (PV), red cell volume (RCV), and total blood volume (TBV) in endurance-trained athletes.
  • To characterize the physiological basis of pseudoanaemia in male and female athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized radiolabeling techniques (125I-albumin and 51Cr-erythrocytes) to measure PV, RCV, and TBV.
  • Compared measurements between 12 male and 12 female athletes and 5 male and 5 female non-exercising controls.

Main Results:

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  • Male athletes showed a 37.5% higher mean PV than controls; female athletes exhibited an 18.1% increase.
  • Male athletes had significantly greater RCV (34.7%), but female athletes did not show a similar elevation.
  • Iron-limited erythropoiesis may affect RCV in female athletes, with anaemic athletes showing lower RCV than non-anaemic counterparts.
  • Elevated plasma protein mass and concentration contributed to the expanded PV in athletes.

Conclusions:

  • The decreased hemoglobin levels in endurance athletes are primarily a dilutional effect due to expanded plasma volume.
  • Physiological adaptations in blood volume differ between male and female endurance athletes.
  • Iron status may play a role in red cell volume regulation in female athletes.