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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
Angina V: Nursing Management01:20

Angina V: Nursing Management

Angina, a symptom of myocardial ischemia, requires a structured nursing management approach to ensure effective care and prevent complications like myocardial infarction. Comprehensive nursing care involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes, all tailored to the individual patient's needs.Patient AssessmentNursing assessment begins with a detailed subjective evaluation of symptoms, which typically include chest pain or pressure radiating to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
05:46

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

Endogenous nitrates--implications for treatment and prevention.

E E Anggård1

  • 1William Harvey Research Institute, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, U.K.

European Heart Journal
|May 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), primarily nitric oxide (NO), aids blood vessel relaxation. Its deficiency in diseases like hypertension can be compensated by external nitrates.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is identified as nitric oxide (NO) or a related nitrosothiol.
  • NO is synthesized from L-arginine and plays a crucial role in vasodilation and inhibiting platelet aggregation.
  • EDRF-NO functions by activating soluble guanylate cyclase, increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
  • To understand the role of nitric oxide (NO) in vascular function.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies for conditions with impaired vasodilation.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical analysis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) formation.
  • Investigation of nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways.

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Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
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Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2026

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
05:46

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

  • Pharmacological studies on vasodilation and platelet aggregation.

    • Main Results:

    • Nitric oxide (NO) is confirmed as a key mediator of vasodilation and anti-platelet activity.
    • Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is significantly reduced in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes.
    • Impaired EDRF-NO formation is linked to endothelial dysfunction in these pathological conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis.
    • Therapeutic interventions using exogenous nitrates can restore vascular function in disease states.
    • Understanding EDRF-NO pathways offers targets for treating cardiovascular diseases.