Implementation and evaluation of a strategic parasite control program for captive exotic ungulates

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Zoological Medicine
• Wildlife Health Management

Background:

• Exotic ungulates in zoological parks face parasite challenges.
• Mixed-species enclosures can complicate parasite control programs.
• Effective parasite management is crucial for the health and welfare of captive wildlife.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design and evaluate a parasite control program for over 1,200 exotic ungulates.
• To identify ungulate species requiring targeted parasite control efforts.
• To provide a model for developing parasite control programs in zoological collections.

Main Methods:

• Implementation of three timed anthelmintic treatments between 1988-1989.
• Monitoring of fecal egg counts (FEC) before and after treatment.
• Analysis of FEC data to assess treatment efficacy across 52 ungulate species.

Main Results:

• Adequate parasite control was achieved in 52 ungulate species, indicated by low pretreatment FEC and absence of shedding post-treatment.
• Eleven species within Antilopinae, Hippotraginae, and Caprinae subfamilies were identified as needing intensified control.
• These target species exhibited high pretreatment FEC or persistent low-level shedding post-treatment.

Conclusions:

• The developed parasite control program demonstrated success in the majority of exotic ungulates.
• Specific subfamilies of ungulates require tailored, more intensive parasite management strategies.
• The study provides a framework for creating effective, adaptable parasite control programs for diverse zoological collections.