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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

[Exercise-induced anaphylaxis].

Federica Gani1, Lucia Selvaggi, Davide Roagna

  • 1Servizio di Allergologia Respiratoria, Clinica di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, ASO San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino. fedgani@tin.it

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a condition triggered by physical activity, presenting with allergic symptoms. Prompt treatment and avoiding exercise after eating can prevent EIA attacks.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

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Published on: October 14, 2014

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Exercise Physiology

Context:

  • Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) was first described in 1980.
  • Jogging is the most common trigger, but other exercises can also induce EIA.
  • Symptoms range from mild itching to severe anaphylaxis with vascular collapse.

Purpose:

  • To define exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA).
  • To identify the pathogenesis, precipitating factors, and management strategies for EIA.
  • To highlight the role of mast cells in EIA development.

Summary:

  • EIA pathogenesis involves mast cell degranulation, evidenced by elevated histamine and tryptase levels.
  • Predisposing factors include food sensitivity (food-dependent EIA), NSAID use, climate, and menstrual cycle.
  • Treatment involves standard anaphylaxis management, including epinephrine and antihistamines.

Impact:

  • Understanding EIA triggers and pathogenesis aids in diagnosis and management.
  • Preventive strategies include early symptom recognition, exercise cessation, and timed food intake.
  • This knowledge improves patient outcomes and quality of life for individuals with EIA.