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Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
10:54

Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol

Published on: November 21, 2025

Treating each and every depressed patient.

S H Kennedy1

  • 1University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. sidney.kennedy@uhn.on.ca

Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Agomelatine, a novel antidepressant, effectively treats major depressive disorder (MDD) across diverse patient groups, including those with anxiety and severe symptoms. It demonstrates relapse prevention and improves sleep, offering a well-tolerated option for many.

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Published on: October 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents significant heterogeneity in symptoms, severity, and treatment response.
  • Anxious depression and severe symptoms are associated with lower response rates to traditional antidepressants.
  • Existing antidepressants may lack efficacy in specific subpopulations and often fail to fully restore sleep patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of agomelatine in a broad spectrum of patients with MDD.
  • To assess agomelatine's effectiveness in specific subpopulations, including anxious depression, severe depression, late-life depression, and across genders.
  • To determine agomelatine's ability to prevent relapse and improve sleep quality.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized placebo-controlled trials were conducted to assess agomelatine's efficacy.
  • Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with anxious depression, varying severity, late-life depression, and by gender.
  • Relapse prevention was evaluated in placebo-controlled discontinuation trials.
  • Sleep quality was assessed using subjective and polysomnographic measures.

Main Results:

  • Agomelatine demonstrated efficacy across diverse MDD patient subpopulations, including those with anxious depression and greater baseline severity.
  • The antidepressant showed increased efficacy with higher baseline severity, including severe late-life depression.
  • Agomelatine exhibited favorable tolerability and efficacy in both men and women, and demonstrated successful relapse prevention at 25 and 50 mg.
  • Improvements in sleep efficiency and reductions in awakenings were observed during agomelatine treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Agomelatine is an efficacious and well-tolerated antidepressant for diverse populations with major depressive disorder.
  • Its benefits extend to specific groups such as anxious depressed patients and those with severe or late-life depression.
  • Agomelatine offers advantages in relapse prevention and sleep quality improvement, alongside favorable effects on sexual function and other systems.