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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

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Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
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Modeling variability in immunocompetence and immunoresponsiveness.

B Ask1, E H van der Waaij, S C Bishop

  • 1Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, CL Utrecht, The Netherlands. birgitteask@hotmail.com

Poultry Science
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A new stochastic model accounts for animal and age-related variation in immunocompetence and responsiveness. This model improves statistical power for genotype comparisons and selection strategies in genetic evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Animal Breeding

Background:

  • Immunocompetence and responsiveness vary significantly between animals and across ages.
  • Understanding this variability is crucial for effective genetic selection and statistical analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stochastic model for immunocompetence and responsiveness kinetics.
  • To assess the impact of variability on statistical power for genotype comparisons and selection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a stochastic model incorporating variability in immunological variables.
  • Analysis of correlations between immunocompetence and immunoresponsiveness components over time.
  • Prediction of selection effectiveness for improved health traits.

Main Results:

  • The model's output characteristics align with existing literature on immunological variation.
  • Correlations within and between immunocompetence and immunoresponsiveness components were consistent with literature estimates.
  • Selection for immunocompetence is most effective when baseline immunity has matured; single measurements are insufficient.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing challenge age and minimizing maternal immunity effects enhance statistical power for genotype comparisons.
  • Measurement timing significantly impacts the ability to detect group differences due to low repeatability.
  • Careful consideration of age at selection and data collection is vital for successful genetic evaluations.