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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

Olfactory receptor neuron dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Bruce I Turetsky1, Chang-Gyu Hahn, Steven E Arnold

  • 1Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. turetsky@bbl.med.upenn.edu

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia patients show abnormal olfactory receptor neuron responses to odors. This suggests neurophysiological disturbances extend to the peripheral nervous system, impacting even sensory neurons.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Sensory Biology

Background:

  • Olfactory impairments are common in schizophrenia, appearing early in the illness.
  • These deficits are linked to abnormalities in the olfactory neural pathways.
  • Olfactory receptor neurons offer a unique, noninvasive window into neuronal integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurophysiological function of peripheral olfactory receptor neurons in schizophrenia patients.
  • To determine if olfactory receptor neuron responses differ between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals.
  • To explore potential markers of neurophysiological disturbances in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed peripheral olfactory receptor neuron response using electroolfactogram (EOG).
  • Recorded EOG in 21 schizophrenia patients and 18 healthy controls.
  • Stimulated olfactory neurons with varying doses and durations of hydrogen sulfide.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited significantly larger olfactory receptor neuron depolarization responses to odor stimulation.
  • Abnormal responses were observed regardless of clinical symptoms, medication, or smoking status.
  • This indicates a neurophysiological abnormality in the peripheral olfactory system.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia involves neurophysiological disturbances extending to peripheral sensory neurons.
  • Abnormal olfactory receptor neuron responses may reflect altered cell lineage or signaling pathways.
  • This peripheral abnormality could serve as a marker for disruptions in schizophrenia.