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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning

Published on: October 23, 2017

Distribution and activity of IS elements in Streptococcus mutans.

Lesley A Old¹, Roy R B Russell

¹Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

FEMS Microbiology Letters

|August 30, 2008

Summary

Insertion sequence (IS) elements are mobile genetic elements impacting bacterial genomes. This study screened Streptococcus mutans strains, finding IS199, ISSmu1, and ISSmu2 elements present in varying frequencies, with ISSmu1 showing low-frequency transposition.

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Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans

Published on: September 14, 2019

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Insertion sequence (IS) elements are self-mobilizing genetic entities crucial for bacterial genome evolution.
IS elements contribute to genetic alterations, rearrangements, and horizontal gene transfer.
Three IS3 family members—IS199, ISSmu1, and ISSmu2—are identified in Streptococcus mutans.

Purpose of the Study:

To screen a collection of Streptococcus mutans strains for the presence of IS199, ISSmu1, and ISSmu2.
To investigate the distribution and co-occurrence of these IS elements within S. mutans populations.
To assess the transposition activity of ISSmu1 and ISSmu2 in S. mutans.

Main Methods:

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the presence of IS199, ISSmu1, and ISSmu2.
Sixty-eight clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans were analyzed.
Transposition assays were performed to evaluate the mobility of specific IS elements.

Main Results:

Prevalence rates were: IS199 (30%), ISSmu1 (49%), and ISSmu2 (75%) among the screened strains.
All three IS elements were found together in 11 strains; combinations of two were present in 31 strains.
ISSmu1 exhibited low-frequency transposition, while ISSmu2 showed no detectable transposition activity.

Conclusions:

ISSmu2 is the most prevalent IS element in the studied S. mutans strains, followed by ISSmu1 and IS199.
The co-occurrence of multiple IS elements suggests potential for complex genetic interactions within S. mutans.
The observed transposition of ISSmu1 indicates its ongoing role in shaping the S. mutans genome.