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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
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Published on: June 23, 2022

Bacterial meningitis and epilepsy.

Jagaralapudi Murali K Murthy1, Sudesh Prabhakar

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Institute of Neurological Sciences, CARE Hospital, Hyderabad, India. jmkmurthy@satyam.net.in

Epilepsia
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial meningitis, particularly from Streptococcus pneumoniae, frequently causes epilepsy in developing nations. Vaccinations against key meningeal pathogens can significantly reduce this preventable burden of epilepsy.

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Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury
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Published on: February 10, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Epilepsy is highly prevalent in developing countries, often linked to central nervous system (CNS) infections.
  • Bacterial meningitis is a common CNS infection and a significant cause of epilepsy, with Streptococcus pneumoniae posing a higher risk.
  • Seizures during acute meningitis and persistent neurological deficits are risk factors for developing epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between bacterial meningitis and the development of epilepsy.
  • To identify specific pathogens and risk factors associated with post-meningitis epilepsy.
  • To highlight the potential for epilepsy prevention through meningitis control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on bacterial meningitis and epilepsy incidence.
  • Analysis of etiological agents responsible for meningitis and their association with seizure disorders.
  • Identification of risk factors for late-onset unprovoked seizures following meningitis.

Main Results:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with a higher probability of developing epilepsy after meningitis.
  • Early seizures during meningitis and persistent neurological deficits increase epilepsy risk.
  • Most epilepsy cases occur within five years of the meningitis episode and tend to be recurrent.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial meningitis is a major preventable cause of epilepsy, especially in developing countries.
  • Vaccination programs targeting key meningeal pathogens can substantially decrease the incidence of bacterial meningitis and subsequent epilepsy.
  • Implementing vaccination strategies is crucial for reducing the global burden of epilepsy.