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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Viral encephalitis and epilepsy.

Usha Kant Misra1, Chong Tin Tan, Jayantee Kalita

  • 1Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. ukmisra@sgpgi.ac.in, drukmisra@rediffmail.com

Epilepsia
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral encephalitis, including Herpes simplex encephalitis, frequently causes acute seizures and increases epilepsy risk. More research is needed on late unprovoked seizures following viral encephalitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Viral encephalitis is a significant cause of acute seizures and can lead to epilepsy.
  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is strongly linked to severe epilepsy, often presenting with seizures.
  • Epidemic viral encephalitides, like Japanese encephalitis (JE), also commonly cause acute seizures, particularly in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review acute symptomatic and late unprovoked seizures in various viral encephalitides.
  • To highlight the association between specific viruses (HSE, JE) and seizure types.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding late unprovoked seizures and post-encephalitic epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral encephalitis and seizure presentations.
  • Analysis of seizure frequency and types in different viral etiologies.
  • Discussion of prognostic implications and treatment challenges.

Main Results:

  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is frequently associated with severe epilepsy, with seizures in 50% of cases.
  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) and other flaviviruses commonly cause acute symptomatic seizures (7-46% in JE).
  • Nipah virus encephalitis shows higher seizure incidence in relapsed/late-onset forms.

Conclusions:

  • Viral encephalitis poses a substantial risk for both acute and chronic seizure disorders, including epilepsy.
  • Further prospective studies are crucial to understand the long-term risk and characteristics of post-encephalitic epilepsy.
  • Comprehensive data on late unprovoked seizures across different viral encephalitides is lacking.