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Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Seizures l: Introduction

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Amebiasis

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

Helminthic parasites and seizures.

Hector H Garcia¹, Manish Modi

¹Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. hgarcia@jhsph.eu

|September 9, 2008

Summary

Helminthic parasites can affect the central nervous system (CNS), causing seizures and epilepsy. Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm, is a common cause, highlighting the importance of recognizing these neurological disorders.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Parasitology

Background:

Helminthic infections frequently impact the central nervous system (CNS).
Neurological symptoms such as seizures and epilepsy are common manifestations.
Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm, is a significant cause of these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the impact of helminthic parasites on the CNS.
To discuss the clinical manifestations and diagnostic features of helminthic CNS disorders.
To emphasize the importance of recognizing these infections.

Main Methods:

Literature review of helminthic CNS disorders.
Analysis of the life cycle of causative agents.
Examination of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria.

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A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

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Main Results:

Taenia solium is a prevalent helminth associated with seizures and epilepsy.
Other helminthic CNS disorders often have restricted geographic prevalence.
Recognition requires knowledge of life cycles, clinical signs, and diagnostics.

Conclusions:

Helminthic CNS involvement is a global health concern.
Understanding causative agents and their manifestations is crucial for diagnosis.
Increased awareness can improve patient outcomes for these neurological conditions.