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Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...

Lung Capacity

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Pulmonary function, muscle strength and mortality in old age.

A S Buchman¹, P A Boyle, R S Wilson

¹Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States. Aron_S_Buchman@rush.edu

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

|August 30, 2008

Summary

Extremity muscle strength is linked to mortality, but this study suggests pulmonary function may be the key. Respiratory muscle strength acts as a bridge, with lung function ultimately mediating the mortality risk.

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Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Pulmonology
Epidemiology

Background:

Extremity muscle strength is frequently associated with mortality in older adults.
The underlying biological mechanisms linking muscle strength to mortality remain unclear.
Investigating the role of respiratory function may elucidate this association.

Purpose of the Study:

To test if extremity muscle strength is a surrogate for respiratory muscle strength.
To determine if respiratory muscle strength's association with mortality is mediated by pulmonary function.
To explore the relationship between muscle strength, respiratory function, and mortality in older individuals.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from 960 older adults without dementia from the Rush Memory and Aging Project.
Sequential proportional hazards models to assess the mediating roles of respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function.
Adjustments for various covariates including age, sex, BMI, cognitive function, and health status.

Main Results:

The association between extremity muscle strength and mortality was not significant after accounting for respiratory muscle strength.
Respiratory muscle strength's link to mortality was significantly attenuated and became non-significant after including pulmonary function.
These findings persisted after controlling for a wide range of potential confounders.

Conclusions:

Pulmonary function appears to be a significant mediator in the association between muscle strength and mortality.
Respiratory muscle strength may act as an intermediary in this relationship.
These results highlight the critical role of lung health in longevity and the implications of muscle weakness.