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Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Mouse Models of Pleural Dissemination
05:39

Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Mouse Models of Pleural Dissemination

Published on: February 9, 2021

Phototherapy and photochemotherapy.

Lars Alexander Schneider1, Ralf Hinrichs, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.

Clinics in Dermatology
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Phototherapy remains a primary treatment for psoriasis, offering a safe and effective approach. This review details its radiophysical aspects, clinical applications, and molecular mechanisms, highlighting its role as a biological therapy targeting T-cell immunopathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photomedicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Phototherapy has been a cornerstone in psoriasis treatment for nearly a century.
  • Despite advancements, its application and understanding continue to evolve.
  • Psoriasis treatment necessitates safe and effective therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of phototherapy for psoriasis.
  • To elucidate the radiophysical, clinical, and molecular aspects of phototherapy.
  • To discuss the cost-effectiveness and future directions of phototherapy in psoriasis management.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed review of radiophysical principles of phototherapy.
  • Analysis of various phototherapy treatment modalities.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.
  • Evaluation of cost-effectiveness data.

Main Results:

  • Phototherapy is a safe and effective first-line treatment for psoriasis.
  • It acts as a biological therapy targeting T-cell-mediated immunopathology.
  • Current guidelines require harmonization, and further trials are needed to optimize protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Phototherapy is a well-established, safe, and effective treatment for psoriasis.
  • Further research is needed to refine irradiation protocols and harmonize clinical guidelines.
  • Phototherapy represents a foundational biological therapeutic strategy for managing psoriasis.