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Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts01:26

Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts

The respiratory zone of the human body, which stands in contrast to the conducting zone, comprises the structures that actively participate in the exchange of gases. The initiation of this zone is marked by the terminal bronchioles converging into respiratory bronchioles, the tiniest bronchiole classification. The respiratory bronchioles give way to the alveolar ducts that opens into a congregation of alveoli. Actively involved in gas exchange, alveoli resemble tiny sacs similar to clusters of...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...

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A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors
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Published on: June 8, 2022

Sphingolipids in the lungs.

Stefan Uhlig1, Erich Gulbins

  • 1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. suhlig@ukaachen.de

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sphingolipids regulate cell functions and are implicated in lung diseases. Targeting sphingolipid metabolism offers new therapeutic strategies for respiratory conditions like asthma and cystic fibrosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Sphingolipids, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide, are vital plasma membrane components.
  • These molecules regulate critical cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell survival, and vascular permeability.
  • Sphingolipid metabolism is complex, involving diverse compounds, receptors, and opposing functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of sphingolipids in the pathophysiology of pulmonary disorders.
  • To identify sphingolipid metabolism as a source of novel therapeutic targets for lung diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sphingolipid biology and pulmonary diseases.
  • Analysis of the functions of sphingolipid enzymes and receptors in cellular responses.
  • Correlation of sphingolipid dysregulation with conditions like asthma, COPD, ALI, and CF.

Main Results:

  • Sphingolipids exhibit diverse and sometimes antagonistic roles in cellular functions relevant to lung health.
  • Specific sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes are implicated in the development of various pulmonary diseases.
  • Enzymes like sphingomyelinases and sphingosine kinases are responsive to external stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Sphingolipid metabolism plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases.
  • Targeting sphingolipid pathways presents promising therapeutic avenues for treating respiratory conditions such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and acute lung injury.