Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...

Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

The Phragmoplast

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...

The Phragmoplast

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Becotatug Vedotin for Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (Magic-M001): A Multicenter, Randomized Trial.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026

Same author

[Intestinal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: a clinicopathological analysis of three cases].

Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology·2026

Same author

[Quantitative analysis of policy texts on occupational health technical service institutions in China based on policy tools].

Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases·2026

Same author

[Clinical efficacy of multidisciplinary team collaboration in the treatment of deep sternal wound infection].

Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi·2025

Same author

Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 127 ppb.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

[Clinical efficacy of composite transplantation of fascia lata-anterolateral thigh flap in repairing complex defects after radical tumor resection in maxillofacial region].

Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi·2025

Same journal

Chromosomal distribution and evolution of repetitive DNAs in fish.

Genome dynamics·2012

Same journal

The birth-and-death evolution of multigene families revisited.

Genome dynamics·2012

Same journal

Satellite DNA-mediated effects on genome regulation.

Genome dynamics·2012

Same journal

Satellite DNA evolution.

Genome dynamics·2012

Same journal

Unstable microsatellite repeats facilitate rapid evolution of coding and regulatory sequences.

Genome dynamics·2012

Same journal

SINEs as driving forces in genome evolution.

Genome dynamics·2012

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Live Imaging Characterization of Centromere Movements During Male Meiotic Prophase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Live Imaging Characterization of Centromere Movements During Male Meiotic Prophase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: October 24, 2025

Plant centromeres.

J C Lamb¹, W Yu, F Han

¹Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Mo., USA.

Genome Dynamics

|August 30, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant centromeres, crucial for chromosome segregation, feature rapidly evolving DNA repeats and specific histone variants. Epigenetic factors also play a key role in centromere formation and function.

More Related Videos

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Live Imaging Characterization of Centromere Movements During Male Meiotic Prophase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Live Imaging Characterization of Centromere Movements During Male Meiotic Prophase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: October 24, 2025

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Epigenetics

Background:

Plant centromeres typically consist of species-specific, rapidly evolving tandem DNA repeats.
Centromere-specific retroelements and a variant of histone H3 (CENH3) are also characteristic components.
These elements are essential for kinetochore assembly and chromosome segregation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the structural and epigenetic components of plant centromeres.
To understand the role of DNA repeats, retroelements, and histone variants in centromere specification.
To explore the epigenetic basis of centromere activity and inactivation.

Main Methods:

Analysis of DNA repeat sequences and their evolution in plant centromeres.
Investigation of centromere-specific retroelements and their distribution.
Study of the association between CENH3 and centromeric DNA.
Examination of centromere formation in the absence of canonical repeats.
Analysis of centromere inactivation in dicentric chromosomes.

Main Results:

Plant centromeres are characterized by rapidly evolving tandem DNA repeats and specific retroelements.
A centromere-specific histone H3 variant (CENH3) is crucial for anchoring the kinetochore.
Centromere specification is influenced by epigenetic factors, independent of DNA repeat presence.
Centromeres in dicentric chromosomes can undergo inactivation, highlighting epigenetic control.

Conclusions:

While DNA repeats and CENH3 are typical centromere components, epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental for centromere specification and function.
Epigenetic regulation ensures proper chromosome segregation even in the absence of canonical centromeric repeats or in cases of chromosomal abnormalities.