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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins01:09

Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins

Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...

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Related Experiment Videos

PPAR-gamma and aging: one link through klotho?

Ruihua Zhang1, Feng Zheng

  • 1Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Kidney International
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) upregulates klotho expression. This discovery may advance research into PPAR-gamma

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • PPAR-gamma is a transcription factor regulating adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis, bone turnover, and inflammation.
  • Klotho is a hormone primarily expressed in the kidney, acting as an anti-aging factor and regulating mineral metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between PPAR-gamma and klotho expression.
  • To explore the potential role of PPAR-gamma in aging and bone diseases.

Main Methods:

  • The study identified that PPAR-gamma influences klotho expression.
  • Further mechanistic studies are suggested.

Main Results:

  • PPAR-gamma was found to increase klotho expression.
  • Klotho's role in mineral metabolism and anti-aging properties are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • The upregulation of klotho by PPAR-gamma warrants further investigation.
  • This finding may open new avenues for understanding aging and bone disease mechanisms.