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HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: lessons learned from 112 published cases.

Jorge Castillo1, Liron Pantanowitz, Bruce J Dezube

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Miriam Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA. jcastillo@lifespan.org

American Journal of Hematology
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive cancer primarily affecting HIV-infected men, often in the oral cavity. Despite treatment, outcomes remain poor, highlighting the need for further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare, aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma.
  • PBL predominantly affects individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), often presenting in the oral cavity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of 112 PBL cases from literature.
  • To identify factors influencing survival in PBL patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of 112 PBL cases.
  • Data extraction on patient demographics, HIV status, tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival.
  • Statistical analysis to assess survival-associated factors.

Main Results:

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  • Median age 38 years, male predominance (7:1), median CD4+ count 178 cells/mm³.
  • Common sites: oral cavity, GI tract, lymph nodes. EBV detected in 74%.
  • Complete response in 66% with CHOP chemotherapy; 53% mortality, median survival 15 months. No factors significantly associated with survival.

Conclusions:

  • PBL is an aggressive lymphoma in immunosuppressed HIV-positive men, affecting oral and extra-oral sites.
  • Current treatments yield variable responses, and survival remains limited.
  • Further research is needed to improve outcomes for PBL patients.