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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
08:23

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Published on: December 25, 2021

[Radiation-induced sequelae: toward an individual profile].

D Azria1, Y Belkacemi, J-L Lagrange

  • 1Département de radiothérapie, CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul-Lamarque, rue Croix-verte, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France. David.Azria@valdorel.fnclcc.fr

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Individual radiosensitivity to radiotherapy, impacting treatment side effects, may be linked to genetic factors. Research suggests low lymphocyte apoptosis and specific gene variations correlate with severe radiation sequelae.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
08:23

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Published on: December 25, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Radiotherapy's curative potential is dose-dependent but limited by healthy tissue tolerance.
  • Radiation-induced side effects, particularly irreversible late sequelae, significantly impact patient quality of life.
  • Individual variations in radiosensitivity suggest an underlying genetic component.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between genetic factors, lymphocyte apoptosis, and the severity of radiation-induced sequelae.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for predicting patient radiosensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro following radiation exposure.
  • Genotyping for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes (ATM, SOD2, TGFB1, XRCC1, XRCC3).
  • Correlation of genetic data and apoptosis levels with clinical data on radiation sequelae grade.

Main Results:

  • Low percentages of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis were associated with higher grades of radiation sequelae.
  • Patients with severe late radiation side effects exhibited four or more SNPs in the studied candidate genes.
  • A combination of low in vitro radiation-induced CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis and specific genetic variations was observed in patients with severe sequelae.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors and lymphocyte radiosensitivity are implicated in the development of severe radiation-induced sequelae.
  • CD4/CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis and specific gene polymorphisms may serve as predictive biomarkers for radiotherapy outcomes.
  • Further research into genetic predisposition can personalize radiotherapy and mitigate long-term side effects.