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Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are agents that interact with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Consequently, the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases. These agonists can be classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors based on their duration of action.
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
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Masking and Demasking Agents

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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

Avotermin: a novel antiscarring agent.

Piyush Durani1, Nick Occleston, Sharon O'Kane

  • 1Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,.

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Scarring is a significant concern for patients and physicians. A new treatment, avotermin (transforming growth factor beta3), shows promise in improving scar appearance after surgery by promoting skin regeneration.

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Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
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Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Published on: October 5, 2009

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Published on: May 10, 2017

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
06:11

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Published on: October 5, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative medicine
  • Wound healing research
  • Dermatological science

Background:

  • Scarring is a common concern for patients and physicians, with no universally accepted standard of care for prevention or treatment.
  • Existing scar treatments lack robust clinical evidence and are often used empirically.
  • There is a significant unmet need for prophylactic pharmaceutical options to reduce scarring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of avotermin, a novel prophylactic agent for scar reduction.
  • To assess the potential of transforming growth factor beta3 (TGFbeta3) in improving scar appearance.
  • To address the unmet medical need for scar minimization therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted controlled, double-blind, randomized phase I/II clinical studies.
  • Administered avotermin as an intradermal injection at the time of surgery.
  • Compared avotermin treatment against placebo and standard wound care.

Main Results:

  • Avotermin demonstrated short-term and long-term (≥12 months) improvements in scar appearance.
  • Improvements were observed compared to both placebo and standard wound care.
  • The treatment promotes regeneration of normal skin and enhances scar aesthetics.

Conclusions:

  • Avotermin represents a new class of prophylactic medicines for scar appearance improvement.
  • TGFbeta3, delivered via avotermin, facilitates scar-free healing.
  • Clinical studies support avotermin's potential as a novel therapeutic for managing surgical scars.