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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Published on: August 4, 2021

Microchimerism after induced or spontaneous abortion.

Tomoko Sato¹, Keiya Fujimori, Akira Sato

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. tomoko-s@fmu.ac.jp

Obstetrics and Gynecology

|September 2, 2008

Summary

Fetal cells (microchimerism) from pregnancy loss are undetectable in maternal blood 30 days post-abortion. These cells may persist in maternal organs, suggesting alternative reservoirs beyond circulation.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive immunology
Genetics
Cellular biology

Background:

Fetomaternal microchimerism involves the exchange of fetal cells within the maternal body.
Understanding the persistence of fetal cells after pregnancy termination is crucial for reproductive health research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and duration of fetomaternal microchimerism in women following induced abortion or spontaneous pregnancy loss.
To determine the timeframe for the clearance of fetal cells from maternal circulation after pregnancy termination.

Main Methods:

Peripheral blood samples were collected from 76 women before, 7 days after, and 30 days after first-trimester abortion.
Y chromosome-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the sex-determining region of Y (SRY) was used to detect male fetal DNA in maternal blood.

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Chorionic DNA was analyzed to determine fetal sex, with assay sensitivity for approximately one male cell per 100,000 female cells.

Main Results:

Male DNA was detected in 52.8% of women with a male fetus before abortion.
Fetal DNA presence decreased significantly to 5.6% at 7 days post-abortion.
No male DNA was detected in maternal blood 30 days after abortion, nor at any time point in women with a female fetus.

Conclusions:

Fetal cells are generally undetectable in maternal circulation within 30 days of induced abortion or spontaneous pregnancy loss.
The study suggests that fetal cells might be harbored in maternal organs, indicating potential non-circulatory reservoirs.