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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice
05:17

Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice

Published on: November 11, 2014

Patient dose in neonatal units.

K Smans1, L Struelens, M Smet

  • 1SCK*CEN, Mol, Belgium. ksmans@sckcen.be

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal chest radiographs are crucial for diagnosing lung disease in premature infants. This study measured radiation doses, finding median lung doses of 24-32 microGy per exam, informing radiation safety protocols.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Radiation Dosimetry

Background:

  • Lung disease is a critical threat to premature infants.
  • Chest radiography is essential for neonatal diagnosis.
  • Infants are highly sensitive to radiation exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess patient radiation doses from chest radiographs in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  • To establish baseline dose data for premature infants undergoing X-ray examinations.
  • To inform radiation protection strategies for vulnerable neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Patient doses were measured in a NICU over one year.
  • Median entrance skin dose and dose area product for chest radiographs were recorded.
  • Measured doses were converted to organ doses using conversion coefficients for different infant weight classes.

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Main Results:

  • Premature infants received an average of 10 X-ray examinations, with a maximum of 78.
  • Median entrance skin dose was 34 microGy; median dose area product was 7.1 mGy.cm(2).
  • Median lung doses per chest radiograph were 24 microGy (<1000g), 25 microGy (1000-2500g), and 32 microGy (>2500g).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides critical radiation dose data for neonatal radiography.
  • Understanding these doses is vital for justifying X-ray exposures in premature infants.
  • Findings support the need for ongoing radiation dose monitoring and optimization in neonatal care.