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Related Concept Videos

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
Production of Alcohol01:27

Production of Alcohol

Continuous fermentation is a key strategy in industrial ethanol production, particularly when efficiency, scalability, and high yields are essential. This approach allows for uninterrupted operation and optimized resource utilization. The primary feedstock, corn starch, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated by α-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes break down the starch into fermentable sugars such as glucose, which are readily assimilated by fermentative microorganisms.Fermentation...
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Physical Properties of Ethers02:17

Physical Properties of Ethers

Overview
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...
Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation01:19

Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation

Similar to water, alcohols can add to the carbonyl carbon of the aldehydes and ketones. The addition of one molecule of alcohol to the carbonyl compound forms the hemiacetal or half acetal. As depicted below, in a hemiacetal, the carbon is directly linked to an OH and OR group.
Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography
10:11

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 5, 2012

Homeopathic ethanol.

Richard M Kream1, George B Stefano

  • 1Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York-College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA. RMKream@sunynri.org <RMKream@sunynri.org>

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ethanol consumption alters the distribution of endogenous morphine in cells. This interaction may explain the biochemical basis of reward and addiction, suggesting a link between external ethanol intake and cellular processes.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography
10:11

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 5, 2012

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ethanol is a widely consumed substance with complex effects, often classified as an addictive drug.
  • Research highlights ethanol's interaction with the central nervous system (CNS) reward pathways, particularly opioid modulation of dopaminergic transmission.
  • Recent studies show animal cells can synthesize morphine from dopamine and related precursors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of low ethanol concentrations on endogenous morphine distribution within cells.
  • To explore the reciprocal modulatory effects of ethanol and endogenous morphine at cellular levels.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying reward and addiction.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study on cellular responses to ethanol.
  • Analysis of endogenous morphine distribution under varying ethanol concentrations.
  • Investigation of autocrine/paracrine signaling between ethanol and morphine.

Main Results:

  • Sub-threshold ethanol concentrations were observed to alter the cellular distribution of endogenously synthesized morphine.
  • Reciprocal modulatory effects between low concentrations of morphine and ethanol were identified.
  • Evidence suggests potential endogenous synthesis and action of ethanol at homeopathic concentrations within cellular microdomains.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between exogenous ethanol and endogenous morphine systems may be crucial for understanding reward and addiction.
  • Perturbations in this delicate cellular regulatory relationship by ethanol intake could underlie addictive states.
  • This research opens new avenues for exploring the neurochemical basis of substance use disorders.