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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

In Vivo Telemetry to Record Long-Term Cardiovascular Parameters, Temperature, and Activity in Spinal Cord Injury Rat Models
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Arterial structure and function in physically active persons with spinal cord injury.

Sae Young Jae1, Kevin S Heffernan, Miyoung Lee

  • 1Department of Sports Informatics, University of Seoul, Siripdae-gil 13, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea. syjae@uos.ac.kr

Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Physically active individuals with spinal cord injury show no increased subclinical atherosclerosis compared to able-bodied individuals. Regular exercise may preserve arterial function in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Sports Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at risk for cardiovascular disease.
  • Subclinical atherosclerosis is a key indicator of cardiovascular risk.
  • The impact of regular physical activity on arterial health in SCI is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that physically active people with spinal cord injury (SCI) do not have increased subclinical atherosclerosis compared with an age-matched able-bodied group.
  • To investigate arterial function markers in wheelchair athletes with SCI versus recreationally active controls.

Main Methods:

  • 28 wheelchair athletes with SCI and 24 age-matched able-bodied controls participated.
  • Common carotid artery intima media thickness, arterial compliance, and beta stiffness were measured via B-mode ultrasound.
  • Aortic augmentation index was assessed using applanation tonometry.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in carotid intima media thickness between SCI and control groups (p=0.94).
  • Carotid artery beta stiffness also did not differ significantly between groups (p=0.08).
  • Aortic augmentation index showed no significant difference between the SCI and control participants (p=0.78).

Conclusions:

  • Regular exercise participation appears to preserve arterial function in individuals with spinal cord injury.
  • Physically active individuals with SCI do not exhibit increased subclinical atherosclerosis compared to their able-bodied counterparts.
  • These findings suggest physical activity is protective for vascular health in the SCI population.