Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT₃ Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates these...

Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses

Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses

Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal secretions in common...

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Reduced electroencephalogram power and no change in peak alpha frequency in individuals with chronic migraine: a cross-sectional investigation.

Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology·2026

Same author

Medication-overuse headache hospitalisations in Australia, 2009-2024: A national study of a preventable condition.

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache·2025

Same author

Assessing and managing medication overuse headache in Australian clinical practice.

BMJ neurology open·2023

Same author

Brain health as a global priority, view from WHO: Editorial from the World Federation of Neurology.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2022

Same author

Intravenous Lidocaine and Ketamine Infusions for Headache Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Frontiers in neurology·2022

Same author

Cluster headache in adults.

Australian prescriber·2022

Same journal

Still Treating Yesterday's Risk? Reconsidering Antiviral Use for Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Cases in a Broadly Immune Population.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026

Same journal

Striving for Racial Equity in Oral Cancer Research: A Case Study.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026

Same journal

Progressing Cross-Sector Collaboration for People With Eating Disorders and Higher Weight: Priority Actions From an Expert Roundtable Using a Modified Nominal Group Technique.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026

Same journal

Self-Poisoning With Prazosin and Its Off-Label Use in Australia, 2014-2024: Analysis of NSW Poisons Information Centre Data.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026

Same journal

Drivers of Vaccine Uptake for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children to Inform Tailored Strategies: A Qualitative Study Exploring Health Service Provider Perspective.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026

Same journal

Four Urgent Actions for the Rights to Culturally Safe Breastfeeding for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mothers and Babies to Breastfeed in Neonatal Intensive Care Environments.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Migraine prophylaxis.

Richard J Stark¹, Catherine D Stark

¹Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. richard.stark@med.monash.edu.au

The Medical Journal of Australia

|September 2, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Effective migraine prophylaxis options are underused in Australia. New treatments like topiramate show promise, while others like botulinum toxin lack strong evidence, highlighting the need for better migraine management strategies.

More Related Videos

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Published on: August 11, 2021

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

Published on: November 1, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Published on: August 11, 2021

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

Published on: November 1, 2024

Area of Science:

Neurology
Pharmacology

Background:

Migraine prophylaxis options are diverse, yet underutilized in Australia.
Several newer agents are gaining traction for migraine prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evidence for newer migraine prophylactic drugs.
To discuss strategies for medication withdrawal in chronic migraine.
To explore tailored approaches for specific migraine types.

Main Methods:

Literature review of evidence for topiramate, candesartan, gabapentin, and botulinum toxin.
Discussion of medication withdrawal strategies.
Analysis of approaches for menstrual migraine and migraine with aura.

Main Results:

Topiramate demonstrates excellent efficacy; candesartan and gabapentin have reasonable but limited evidence.
Botulinum toxin's popularity is largely anecdotal, lacking robust published evidence.
Medication overuse in chronic migraine presents challenges, with new withdrawal strategies being reviewed.

Conclusions:

Evidence supports topiramate use, while other newer agents require further research.
Management of chronic and specific migraine types may necessitate distinct therapeutic strategies.
Optimizing migraine prophylaxis requires addressing underutilization and evidence gaps.