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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Associations between baseline allergens and polysensitization.

Berit Christina Carlsen1, Torkil Menné, Jeanne Duus Johansen

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Ledreborg Allé 40, 1., 2820 Gentofte, Denmark. bccarlsen@dadlnet.dk

Contact Dermatitis
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying patients at risk for polysensitization is challenging. This study found that while some allergens showed associations with polysensitization, they are not reliable risk indicators.

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Published on: September 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Polysensitization risk identification remains a clinical challenge.
  • Previous hypotheses suggested a link between weak sensitizers and polysensitization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between 21 common allergens and polysensitization.
  • To determine if specific allergens can predict the development of multiple allergies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a large cohort (14,998 patients) patch tested with the European baseline series (1985-2005).
  • Calculation of odds ratios to quantify the relationship between individual allergens and polysensitization.

Main Results:

  • Seven allergens (parabens mix, IPPD, sesquiterpene lactone mix, wool alcohols, potassium dichromate, Myroxylon pereirae, cobalt chloride) showed positive associations.
  • Five allergens (PPD, neomycin sulfate, epoxy resin, primin, nickel sulfate) showed negative associations.
  • Even with strong associations, polysensitization risk was not significantly elevated.

Conclusions:

  • No clear common factor links specific allergens to polysensitization.
  • Observed associations, both positive and negative, were weak.
  • Sensitization to baseline allergens cannot reliably indicate risk for polysensitization.